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If you have ever watched/listened to Brian Gerrish and the
lads on UKcolumn then you will be more than aware that a constant refrain there
is the engineered dissolution of UK
armed forces and the completion of decades long plans to remove UK from
history.
Now don’t get me wrong, I agree with their analyses and prognostications,
however their perspective is not reality.
Reality is a fiction created by ersatz industrial scaled
published fiat scrip on a counterfeit promise.
Reality is a child sacrifice cultic secreted as public
health service oozing corporate death.
So don’t get me wrong Alex, Brian, &al, you are correct
in the rational world, however your truth is turnped on every and all occasions
by rolling Rovian diuconjour. UKplc is now a perverted Old Forest of
Bombadillesque stasis.
However don’t be getting all grouphugsituationist UKAbo.
Only those who are of use will get through the selection panels. Whiggers and
import failures will die in a quiet place, Katyn wood meets One flew over the
cuckoo’sneststylee, in the extremely rationed environment that will be
Palmerston’s petridishisles =2020+.
For the 3 nations mentioned in this outing on the ausphart we
can perhaps attempt to cast their fortunes before the hammer falls and silences
all discourse and rational intercourse in the house of withwitch.
Astrology is not so much a declined science these days as
the aggregate of unlimited printing of faith trajectories.
UKplc has developed a hive cult of personality, Stalinesque
in magnitude, unshakable from within. If ever there was a centrefurhybridsoulrecherche, it is this retardR&Dshithole. When an off world entity finally lands on this
planet, if not already achieved, it will be brought to some royal compound and
shagged until it breeds. Guaranteed.
Enjoy.
1945: Korea Faces a Post-Colonial Industrial Future
Bill Streifer
The following is a reprint of an article by Dr. Fritz
Johann Hansgirg, a brilliant electrochemist and metallurgist. The text “Korea’s Industrial Development” originally appeared
in the April 1945 edition of the Korea
Economic Digest, a publication of the Korea Economic Society based in New
York City. It is of especial interest in that it was written and published even
before the surrender of Japan and the subsequent liberation of the Korean
peninsula.
Born in Graz, Austria in 1891, Dr. Hansgirg received
his Ph.D. in Chemistry from the University of Graz. In 1928, he invented the
carbothermic magnesium reduction process at his laboratory in Rodentheim,
Austria. Then in 1935, he was invited by the Japanese industrialist Jun Noguchi
to set up a magnesium plant at the Chosen Nitrogen Fertilizer Complex in
northern Korea at Hungnam—known as “Konan” by the Japanese. At the time, Korea
was a colony of Japan.
In addition to magnesium, Hansgirg helped the Japanese
develop a “cracking” plant (used to break down crude oil into its various
component parts), an electro-iron process, and a plant to produce synthetic
gemstones. Hansgirg also urged the Japanese to build a pilot plant to produce
heavy water by a process he had recently invented at his laboratory at Konan.
And yet, despite the potential to produce various war materials, and perhaps
heavy water, the plant where Hansgirg had worked for three years was never once
bombed during the war.
Although Hansgirg was later hired as a chemical
consultant to the South Manchurian Railway in Dairen, he remained in contact
with his Japanese industrial projects in Korea until 1940. When Japan became so
completely pro-Axis and hostile to foreigners, Hansgirg decided to depart Japan
for the United States in the hope of helping to develop the magnesium industry
there. Then in December 1940, he was approached by the American industrialist
Henry Kaiser who hired Hansgirg to set up the enormous Permanente magnesium
plant in California using his carbothermic magnesium process.
A year later, following the Japanese attack on Pearl
Harbor, Hansgirg—who was considered a German national—was arrested by the FBI
as a “dangerous enemy alien.” He was later interned at various enemy alien
camps in the United States before being paroled into the custody of Black
Mountain College in North Carolina where he taught chemistry and physics until
1947. While apparently in good health, Hansgirg passed away two years later.
Three photographs of Hansgirg’s carbothermic magnesium
reduction process at Konan, Korea, appeared in the second of a two-part article
that Hansgirg wrote in 1943 for the journal, The Iron Age. The full citation is: Hansgirg, Fritz J. “Thermal
Reduction of Magnesium,” The Iron Age,
Vol. 152, No. 21, Nov. 18, 1943, pp. 52-58. (Part 2) Vol. 152, No. 22, Nov. 25,
1943, pp. 52-58.
Korea’s Industrial Development
by Fritz Hansgirg
Since the Cairo declaration, an independent Korean
state has become a new factor for the industrial development in the Far East.
Up to the present—as a Japanese colony—Korea’s industrialization was started by
the Japanese under an entirely different plan than would have been initiated by
Koreans for the development of their own country. In whatever industry, all
Japanese investments are military in character—producing, either directly or
indirectly, material for war or processed goods to be exported to Japan—thus contributing to the Japanese economic system and
to the prosecution of the war in the Pacific area. For this reason, the present
industries in Korea are not geared to necessities of that country, but they
exist solely to assist in a program for world conquest by a nation which is
interested only in its own expansion.
The
industrialization of Korea has increased greatly since Pearl Harbor. The
militarists in Japan intensified the production of war materials on the
mainland of Asia in order to place their factories as far as possible from the range of air and naval
power, in case of an invasion of the Japanese islands by the Allied forces.
Period of Reconversion
After the collapse of Japan, and the subsequent
formation of a free Korean state, the vital question will arise: How can the
present investments be made to produce much needed civilian goods? As now
operated by the Japanese regime, most industries are of little use for
civilians in Korea. They were conceived in an entirely one-sided way, as
mentioned above, for Japanese advancement. Therefore Koreans must undertake the
development of their industries on an entirely new plan. Of course, it is
important to use Japanese-made installations as much as possible, insofar as
they may not be destroyed by the war. Some of these are general in their
construction and may be easily readjusted for peacetime, civilian economy;
among these are mining, hydroelectric and caloric-power plants, transportation
systems. Under any conditions, the mining installations are usable, if the
minerals produced are basic, raw materials. Some small mines may have been
started only because of the need for war materials and, under such
circumstances, it may be uneconomical to continue operating them for civilian
needs when world trade competition must be considered.
It
will be possible to convert all of the power plants, especially hydroelectric
units. Power for such installations can be utilized for all types of industry,
if the current can be generated under economical conditions. To a great extent,
the cost of production depends upon the interest rates and amortization of invested
capital.
Upon
the foundation of the new Korean state, investments by Japanese companies,
individuals, or the Japanese government should be transferred to Korean
concerns, and thus interest and amortization on existing hydroelectric power
plants will involve a relatively small outlay of capital. Under such a plan,
actual production costs of electric power will be very low—even for plants that
are quite artificial in their layout and are not able to produce power
economically during peacetime. For this reason, any hydroelectric plant built
by the Japanese is one of the greatest assets of the new Korean state. Even if
power houses and conduits are destroyed by war, their repair would entail only
a small investment providing the larger installations were still intact.
Caloric-power plants are of minor importance in the Korean economy, as they are
dependent upon coal being shipped into the country excepting for the few
deposits in the northern part of the peninsula.
The
second Japanese investment in Korea which may be utilized immediately at the
close of the war is the transportation system. Korea has quite a mileage of
standard-gauge railways and, in general, railways are easily repaired even when
damaged. On the Japanese islands, the railways are narrow-gauge, so there is no
possibility that material for the Korean lines may have been transferred to the
home islands.
Another
important installation is the highway system. With the exception of Seoul and a
few of the large cities, no paved highways exist; but there is a system of
about 25,000 miles of good roads extending over the country. The largest
investment needed would be that of bridge construction necessitated by washouts
due to floods and the primitive work done by the Koreans in order to make them
usable after the rainy season.
Therefore,
the first task in the industrial reconstruction of Korea will be the improving
of mines, repairing of power plants and extending hydroelectric service,
repairing and improving both railway and highway systems.
If Korea
is to establish an independent economic system, the country has to make a start
along two separate lines. One is to develop certain industries for export in
order to bring the necessary capital into Korea; the other is to develop
industries for civilian consumption. Planning must be directed toward this dual
purpose. It will be necessary to establish home industries in order to raise
the standard of living; on the other hand, it is impossible to raise the
economic level of a people without initial capital which can be secured mainly
through exports. Each of these proposed developments should be undertaken
simultaneously, just as soon as the new Korean government begins to function.
At
the beginning of her liberation, Korea will experience a situation somewhat
similar to that confronting Russia after the revolution. It may be advisable to
draw up plans for a five-year period, or for several three-year periods, for
certain industries. Upon the establishment of a free government, Korea will
need a great deal of outside help which may secured from the United States,
England, and Russia, in order to train her people in modern technical skills
until such a time as the specialized education of the country is able to provide
trained engineers, mechanics, and other employees for industrial enterprises.
First Five-Year
Plan
It might be advisable to begin the new
industrialization of Korea with an improvement in mining facilities. Korea is
quite rich in several important products—including gold, tungsten, molybdenum,
graphite, mica, and magnesite. They could be mined easily and placed upon the
world markets in order to obtain the necessary capital for new and expanded
industrial developments. The next steps would be the utilization of existing
hydroelectric plants for the production of power for manufacturing certain
items which also could be sold on world markets; products made from light
metals, aluminum and magnesium, electric steel, fused magnesia, and all amounts
of compounds based on fixed nitrogen. With extremely cheap power, there exists
the possibility of synthesizing high-octane gasoline from the coal deposits in
northern Korea and hydrogen made by such electric power.
In
the final analysis, it may be possible to reduce the annual imports to a
considerable extent and to utilize electric power for railway transportation.
Such developments have been extremely economical in countries like Sweden,
Switzerland, Austria and in northern Italy where comparatively inexpensive hydroelectric
power is available and all fuels must be imported. The improvement of railway
lines, using electricity as power, is so great that the investment pays for
itself in a short time and — for such projects—probably foreign money will be
available.
The
skillfulness of the Korean worker, in the long run, will be an advantage in the
electrical industry. Production of electric motors, transformers, and electric
lamps is based upon skilled workmanship. The limited experience I had with
Koreans leads me to believe that it is possible to educate them for such tasks,
within a comparatively short period, so that all the electrical equipment
necessary for the development of electrified railway lines could be provided
locally.
A
question of great significance arises when the development of a new Korean
state is considered. Peoples of Asia have inherited an attitude toward life
entirely different from the mode now prevalent in Europe and the United States.
It would be a mistake to transplant the Western factory system into an Oriental
country without greatly modifying it. The Korean would never feel at ease in a
factory system setup on Western lines. Special study must be made in order to
adapt Western methods of production to specific conditions that exist in a country
like Korea.
The
cooperative system has been tried out in China, particularly since the Japanese
invasion of the coastal areas; and such a plan may be applied to Korean
industry. It may be possible for farmers and farm families to produce some
manufactured goods in the winter time and during their spare hours from regular
agricultural pursuits; or they might even make parts which are to be assembled
in plants some distance from their villages—for all Korean farmers live in
villages and walk to the fields to cultivate their crops.
It is
absolutely necessary that, at the beginning, the new state avoid a system of
exploitation. This could easily become prevalent because of the present low
standard of living of the larger part of the population, as well as the
extremely low wages to which the Koreans are accustomed. Industrialization of
the new Korea should be planned at the outset in such a way that the people
will have the benefit from their own efforts. Therefore, all methods undertaken
should stress the needs of the people; they should also have as their primary
aim the raising of the standard of living for the vast majority of the Korean
nation. Koreans will be the customers for almost any goods manufactured in
their country, if they can afford to buy such products.
Shift in Occupation of the Population
It is a fact that the Japanese avoided training the
Koreans for industrial work or in engineering. For this reason, the new Korean
state will be confronted with an extremely difficult problem. In general, Korea
is still an agricultural country. And most of the population of the peninsula
has continued to eke out an existence—under most unfavorable conditions—since
annexation by the Japanese. Rice produced by the Korean farmers was exported to
Japan; and the real producers of foodstuffs had an insufficient amount to eat
from their toilsome labor. Many farm families are crowded on small acreages,
with little chance for their children to enter industry and thus relieve the
burden placed upon the head of the household to feed his family. However, many
Koreans have been employed in the post offices and on the Japanese-operated
railways, but few have been engaged in industries where specialized training
was required.
A
special program in connection with the industrialization of free Korea must be
the shifting of a part of the farm population into industrial occupations. The
only outlet the farm has, at present, is for seasonal employment which consists
usually in some sort of construction work. A redistribution of the population
will be an important phase of the Korean economy at the beginning of the new
government.
Autarchic
Principles should be Avoided
Another special danger exists in the establishment of
an independent state in free Korea. Great care must be taken in order that
industry may be carried on with other countries in a harmonious way in order to
avoid any autarchic experiments. The writer was born an Austrian and he has
experienced the great mistakes which were made in Europe after the Austrian
Monarchy was divided. The old Austrian Monarchy had an economic system which
was very well balanced; different districts specialized in the production of
certain commodities.
After
the Treaties of Versailles and St. Germain, the independent states (newly
created) started to function and to develop their own industries. As each of
these new states was not very friendly with its neighbors, a high tariff wall
was built up; it then became impossible for industries located in one of the
new states to sell their goods to territories which were a part of the old
Austrian Monarchy but which now existed as new states. As each one developed
industrially, their manufacturing was on a much smaller scale because these
high tariff walls prevented exporting goods. The idea that each independent
state should be entirely self-sufficient which would lead to war. Such a
principle is economically unsound, and it is general ruinous.
Sound
economic development must be based upon proper trade relations with a country’s
neighbors. It will be one of the most responsible tasks of the planning for
Korean industry to find out which kind can be properly developed on Korean soil
in order to ensure economic success, and which industries might better be left
to other countries and their products be imported into Korea. It is a fact
accepted by economists that one-sided imports or exports for a certain economic
system will never lead to ultimate success. Therefore, it is of outstanding
importance that the planners of industry for the new Korean state avoid any
autarchic principles or the erection of high tariff walls; this would surely
prove to be disastrous. At the beginning, it may be necessary for some of the
new industries to be protected by customs levies; in general, however, any autarchic
program should be strictly avoided.
The
great resources of Korea consist of her water power and her mineral deposits,
and the personal skill of the Korean people. With proper planning, the new
state will surely aid in (1) the harmonious distribution of the population
between agriculture and industry, and (2) the development of the country
industrially so as to attain a well balanced system of exports and imports.
The
geographical location, as well as the Korean people themselves, makes Korea an
ideal connecting link between the vast unindustrialized lands of the Asiatic
contingent and the islands of the Pacific. Postwar conditions promise to give
twenty-five million Koreans a chance for a brighter future.
Bill Streifer is an independent researcher, holding
an MBA (with honors). He has written on the
history of U.S. intelligence and nuclear weapons for a number of
publications. He has two books
currently in the works: one is The Flight of the Hog Wild, co-authored with a Russian journalist, on the downing of an American
bomber by Soviet fighters over Konan, Korea, shortly after WWII ended; he and Dr.
Kenneth N. Ricci (applied nuclear physicist, Stanford) are also co-authoring Dr.
Fritz J. Hansgirg: Heavy Water and the Atomic Bomb, the history of
magnesium and heavy water production.
