“One of the aspects of police control in the Soviet Union that the recent opening-up of the archives
has shed new light on, is the restrictive system of internal passports and
urban residence permits that was in existence from 1932 on. For the period this
article is concerned with, i.e. the 1930s, part of the files of the Central
Police Administration and the OGPU/NKVD, which administered the passport system
from the moment of its creation on, has been made accessible to historians, and
an important body of materials from the still closed Presidential Archive has
been published in the journal Istochnik.1 Recent research, furthermore, has
revealed the central role that the passport system fulfilled in policing the
urban population during the 1930s, both in the years leading up to the Great
Terror of 1937-1938 and afterwards.2 A number of publications with a regional
focus have devoted attention to the actual process of what was called the
“passportisation” of the towns in 1933-1934, i.e. the handing out of passports
and residence permits and the widespread social cleansing that accompanied it.3
Also, it has been shown ever more clearly than before that, after this initial
phase of outright passportisation, the passport system was in practice much
less restrictive than has often been assumed, and that rural-urban migration
was all but halted in 1932.4” https://journals.openedition.org/monderusse/8464
Also from the jugenGestapokatekism
of entrainedKommissarsholes little red book
“27 December 1932
The first rudiments of passport system in Russia appeared
during the Interlunation in a form of “traveler letter” introduced for the main
part for the police purpose. The passport system was completely formed only
during the Peter I reign. Under the decree of October 30 (November 10), 1719
due to the implementation of the capitation tax and recruit service, the
“travelers’ letters” were introduced officially. Persons not having on them
passports or “travelers’ letters” were recognized “bad ones” or even “direct
thieves”. The passport system limited travel possibilities for people because
no one could change his place of abode without the appropriate local powers’
authorization.
After the October revolution the internal passports were
abolished as one of the symbols of tsar’s rule political backwardness and
despotism. Under the law of January 24, 1922 all the Russian Federation citizens were
allowed to travel freely across the entire territory of the RSFSR. The right
for a free travel and settling was also confirmed by the Civil Code of the
RSFSR (art. 5). And the article 1 of the decree of the All-Union Central
Executive Committee and the Council of the Peoples’ Commissars of July 20, 1923
“On the person identification” prohibited to demand from the RSFSR citizens to
show their passports or other identity cards limiting their right to travel and
settle in the territory of the RSFSR. All such documents as well as service
records were abolished. If necessary citizens could obtain an identity card but
it was their right, not a duty.
Toughening of political regime in the end of 20s –
beginning of 30s resulted the desire of the rule to increase control over the
people’s travelling and thus the passport system was reestablished.
On December 27, 1932 in Moscow
the Central Executive Committee of the USSR
President M.I. Kalinin, the Council of the Peoples’ Commissars of the USSR President V.M. Molotov and the Central
Executive Committee of the USSR
Secretary A.S. Enukidze signed the resolution “On establishing a single
passport system in the Union of SSR and the obligatory visa of passport”. After
the resolution of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR there was established
the General Office of the workers and peasants police under the State Political
Directorate of the USSR that was in charge of the single passport system
imposition across the entire Soviet Union, visa of passports and the direct
guidance of these actions.
The resolution on passports determined that “all the
citizens of the Union of SSR aged 16 and more, constantly residing in cities,
industrial communities, working on transport, in state farms and new
construction facilities are obliged to have passports”. Now the whole territory
of the country and its population were divided in two unequal parts: the one
where the passport system was implemented and the other one where it did not
exist. In passport areas the passport was the only document “identifying its
owner”. All previous certificates that earlier served as identity cards were
abolished.
A person had to obtain an obligatory visa of passport in
police agencies “not later than after 24 hours upon his arrival to a new
settlement”. The end of the registration as resident also became obligatory for
all those who left “beyond the limits of the center of population for good or
for a term longer than 2 months”; for all those who were leaving a previous
residence and those exchanging their passports; prisoners; for those being
under arrest for more than 2 months. Henceforth the violation of the passport
system order could entail the institution of administrative or even criminal
proceedings against a person.
Lit.: Любарский К. Паспортная система и система прописки в
России // Рос. бюл. по правам человека. 1994. Вып. 2. С. 14–24; Попов В.
Паспортная система советского крепостничества // «Новый мир». 1996. № 6; То же
[Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://magazines.russ.ru/novyi_mi/1996/6/popov.html;
70-летие советского паспорта [Электронный ресурс] // Демоскоп Weekly. 2002.
16-31 дек. (№ 93/94). URL:
http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2002/093/arxiv01.php.” https://www.prlib.ru/en/history/619849
No mention in any of this of the lack of witness to massive crimes being carried out 24/7. Once there is no more air travel to the beaches of Palam Bang there will be no one there to hear the screams of massmurder PolPotstylee and the wailing of starvation Sassoonestylee.
No comments:
Post a Comment
Voyoy cheeky, leave us a deadletteredroped..